Research

system

May R, Levin S, Sugihara G. Ecology for bankers. Nature. 2008; 451(7181):893-894. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/451893a DOI: 10.1038/451893a

Hierarchical responses to “extreme events.”

Levin S, Anderies J, Adger N, Barrett S, Bennett E, Cardenas J, Carpenter S, Crépin A, Ehrlich P, Fischer J, Folke C, Kautsky N, Kling C, Nyborg K, Polasky S, Scheffer M, Segerson K, Shogren J, van den Bergh J, Walker B, Weber E, Wilen J. Governance in the Face of Extreme Events: Lessons from Evolutionary Processes for Structuring Interventions, and the Need to Go Beyond. Ecosystems. 2021 September 07; 25(3):697-711. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-021-00680-2 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00680-2

two dose regime

Fig. 1. Description of the extended immuno-epidemiological model with one- and two-dose vaccination regimes. Based on (13). (A) Model flow chart depicting transitions between immune classes (see main text and materials and methods for a full description of the immune classes and parameters). (B) Diagram of the interdose period (1ω)(1ω) between the first and second vaccine doses and its relationship to the rate of administration of the first vaccine dose ν. The maximum achievable rate is ν0 for a fully one-dose strategy, and ν is assumed to decrease exponentially to its lowest value ν0/2 when a fully two-dose strategy with interdose period corresponding to the clinical recommendation (Lopt) is used. (C) Representative schematic of societal composition of various immune classes for the SIR(S) model with no vaccination (left), the extended model with a short interdose period (middle), and the extended model with a long interdose period (right).

 

Graph: Probability of Success

FIG. 4. Evolutionarily stable dispersal fractions for annualplants, for differing patterns of temporal environmental vari-ation (from Levin et a!. 1984). a = probability of success infinding new site; a,, = critical value of a.